fix: correct WHITE_PAPER.md TOC deep links to match GitHub slug generation

GitHub slugger lowercases the full heading text and strips non-alphanumeric characters, producing anchors like '#3-argument-i-byte-level-equality-loses- semantic-identity'. The TOC had truncated aliases (#3-argument-i) that resolved to nothing. Updated all 14 broken entries to full slugs.

Co-authored-by: Gabriel Cardona <gabriel@tellurstori.com>